（viparya^sa， viparyasta， viparyaya， vipari^ta） （1） 'Perverted，' inverted， upside down. That which is opposite of the correct view， or not the way it should be， i.e.， our deluded viewpoint and mode of existence. To go against the correct principle， or truth. To take the true as false and vice versa. Mistaken thought， confusion， delusion. （2） The 'four perversions' are failure to recognize the truths of impermanence， suffering， impurity and no-self. （3） To hold to a mistaken mode of meditation or contemplation. In this case it is usually called a 'fall.' （4） Conceptualization. （5） To fall down or turn back.