（1） The two basic forms of Buddhist meditation （/samatha-vipa/syana^）: /samatha 止 （奢摩他） and vipa/syana^ 观 （毗婆舍那）. The former is usually rendered into English with such terms as 'stabilizing meditation' and 'calm abiding.' It refers to meditative practices aimed at the stilling of thought and development of concentration 定. The latter is translated with such terms as 'analysis' or 'clear observation' and refers to the application of one's concentration power to the embodiment of a Buddhist description of reality， such as dependent origination 缘起. （2） An abbreviation of the title of the Mohe zhiguan 摩诃止观.