'Vexation， worry， anxiety.' One of the lesser defilement elements listed in the Abhidharmako/sa-bha^sya （Pali apha^su）. The mental action of self-affliction in coming to know one's bad actions as bad actions and being stuck with this knowledge， yet not benefiting by the remonstrances of others. A facet of the primary dharma of 'enmity.' One of the twenty secondary defilements （随烦恼）in the doctrine of the Yoga^ca^ra school 瑜伽行派 （Skt. prada^/sa， upahanti， vihim!sa^; Tib. h!tshig）. The mental action of self-affliction due to recollection of the past or present people， places and things that are "unsuitable." ［成唯识论T 1585.31.33b］